# BPC-157 TB-500 References: The Cited Research and FDA Record

> BPC-157 TB-500 references — the peer-reviewed studies and FDA primary sources behind every claim on this site, with DOIs, PubMed links, and FDA URLs.

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of the entries below — peer-reviewed studies for the science, FDA primary sources for the regulatory status.

## How this register is organized

The BPC-157 TB-500 references below are the complete source list for this site. Entries 1-4 establish the two constituents' core mechanisms; entries 5-6 are the human Phase 1 safety/PK data for full-length Thymosin Beta-4; entry 7 is the analytical characterization of the TB-500 fragment itself; entries 7-9 are the 2025-2026 evidence reviews that bound the blend honestly; and entries 10-13 are the FDA primary sources behind the [Wolverine legal status and 503A compounding](/legal-status) record. Citation numbers in body text map directly to the IDs here.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[3] Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329672/
[4] Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074294/
[5] Ruff D, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:223-229. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20536472/
[6] A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, single- and multiple-dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin beta4 in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(16):7785-7795. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34346165/
[7] Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40756949/
[8] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[9] Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[10] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA. Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[11] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2 entries for BPC-157 and 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500'; effective 2023-09-29). FDA. Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[12] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). FDA. Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[13] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (compounding access pathway: licensed-prescriber evaluation, valid prescription, 503A pharmacy / 503B outsourcing facility, ingredient eligibility). FDA. Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/interim-policy-compounding-using-bulk-drug-substances-under-section-503a-federal-food-drug-and

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Two peptides logged as two records on one console — BPC-157 and TB-500 each weighed against its own studies and its 503A status, the combination row left reading NO-HUMAN-DATA, with no clinic behind the panel and nothing here dispensed.